Titles of the Buddha (in Pali & English)

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sukhamanveti
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Titles of the Buddha (in Pali & English)

Post by sukhamanveti »

Hello.

As one of my research projects, I have been compiling a list of the titles given to the Buddha in Pali literature. So far I have 26. I know that there are many more. I think that each one is an answer to the question, "Who is the Buddha?" Several are said to be pre-Buddhist terms for enlightened or liberated ones. Interestingly, four titles applied to the Buddha at AN 4.23 are also applied by Maha Brahma to himself at DN 11.81 (abhibhu, anabhibhuta, annadatthudaso, vasavatti). I don't know what this means. If anyone has any more titles that they can add to the list or any corrections to the translations, I would appreciate the information. This is what I have now:


Titles of the Buddha

Abhibhu “Vanquisher”

Abhisambuddha “Fully-Enlightened One” (=Sammasambuddha)

Anabhibhuto “Unvanquished”

Angirasa “Radiant One” or “One of the Angirasa Tribe”

Annadatthudasa “All-Seeing One” (=Samantacakkhu)

Anuttara Purisadammasarathi “An Unsurpassed Leader of Persons to be Tamed”

Arahat “Worthy One” or “Accomplished One” (i.e., one who has attained liberation)

Bhagava “Exalted One” or “Sublime One” (i.e., one who is rich in positive qualities), often rendered “Blessed One” or “Lord”

Bhisakka “Physician”

Buddha “Enlightened One,” “Awakened One,” or “One Who Knows”

Cakkhuma “Seeing,” “One Who Sees,” or “The One with Vision”

Dasabala “Ten-Powered One” (the Buddha’s ten powers of knowledge are listed in MN 12)

Jina “Conqueror” or “Victor” (=Buddha)

Lokavidu “Knower of the World”

Sabbabhibhu “One Who Overcomes All” or “One Who Transcends All”

Sabbabhibhu Dhiro “All-Vanquishing Sage,” “All-Transcending Sage”

Sakyamuni “Sage of the Sakya Clan”

Sammasambuddha “Fully-Enlightened One” (=Abhisambuddha)

Samantacakkhu “All-Seeing One” (=Annadatthudasa)

Sattha Devamanussanam “Teacher of Devas and Humans”

Siha “Lion”

Sugata “Well Gone” or “Gone to Bliss” (i.e., one who has reached a happy state of existence)

Tathagatha “Thus Gone One” or “Thus Come One”

Ukkadharo Manussanam “Torchbearer of Mankind”

Vasavatti “Wielder of Mastery,” “Master,” “One Wielding Power”

Vijjacaranasampanna “Endowed with Knowledge and Good Conduct”
Sīlaṃ balaṃ appaṭimaṃ.
Sīlaṃ āvudhamuttamaṃ.
Sīlamābharaṇaṃ seṭṭhaṃ.
Sīlaṃ kavacamabbhutaṃ.


Virtue is a matchless power.
Virtue is the greatest weapon.
Virtue is the best adornment.
Virtue is a wonderful armor.

Theragatha 614


Sabbapāpassa akaraṇaṃ,
kusalassa upasampadā,
Sacittapariyodapanaṃ,
etaṃ buddhāna sāsanaṃ.


Refraining from all wrong-doing,
Undertaking the good,
Purifying the mind,
This is the teaching of the buddhas.

Dhammapada v. 183/14.5
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Re: Titles of the Buddha (in Pali & English)

Post by DNS »

sukhamanveti wrote: As one of my research projects, I have been compiling a list of the titles given to the Buddha in Pali literature. So far I have 26. I know that there are many more. I think that each one is an answer to the question, "Who is the Buddha?" Several are said to be pre-Buddhist terms for enlightened or liberated ones. Interestingly, four titles applied to the Buddha at AN 4.23 are also applied by Maha Brahma to himself at DN 11.81 (abhibhu, anabhibhuta, annadatthudaso, vasavatti). I don't know what this means. If anyone has any more titles that they can add to the list or any corrections to the translations, I would appreciate the information. This is what I have now:
Excellent list! I have a list too:

http://dhammawiki.com/index.php?title=6 ... for_Buddha" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false;

I think you have some that I don't have, so I'll have to update my list. I like the idea you have of showing the Pali too.

I currently have 67 on my list, but I think there are more.
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Re: Titles of the Buddha (in Pali & English)

Post by sukhamanveti »

TheDhamma wrote:
sukhamanveti wrote: As one of my research projects, I have been compiling a list of the titles given to the Buddha in Pali literature. So far I have 26. I know that there are many more. I think that each one is an answer to the question, "Who is the Buddha?" Several are said to be pre-Buddhist terms for enlightened or liberated ones. Interestingly, four titles applied to the Buddha at AN 4.23 are also applied by Maha Brahma to himself at DN 11.81 (abhibhu, anabhibhuta, annadatthudaso, vasavatti). I don't know what this means. If anyone has any more titles that they can add to the list or any corrections to the translations, I would appreciate the information. This is what I have now:
Excellent list! I have a list too:

http://dhammawiki.com/index.php?title=6 ... for_Buddha" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false;

I think you have some that I don't have, so I'll have to update my list. I like the idea you have of showing the Pali too.

I currently have 67 on my list, but I think there are more.
Wow! Thanks. I like your list.

It is also good to meet a fellow list enthusiast. :smile:

I just found another one this morning: Santo Muni ("The Peaceful Sage") at MN 131.3 (and in the parallel passages in MN 132, 133, 134). Now I'm trying to track down the Pali for "Giver of the Deathless" at MN 133.9. (I also wonder if "lord of the Dhamma" there is Dhammaraja in Pali. We'll see.)

Ed
Sīlaṃ balaṃ appaṭimaṃ.
Sīlaṃ āvudhamuttamaṃ.
Sīlamābharaṇaṃ seṭṭhaṃ.
Sīlaṃ kavacamabbhutaṃ.


Virtue is a matchless power.
Virtue is the greatest weapon.
Virtue is the best adornment.
Virtue is a wonderful armor.

Theragatha 614


Sabbapāpassa akaraṇaṃ,
kusalassa upasampadā,
Sacittapariyodapanaṃ,
etaṃ buddhāna sāsanaṃ.


Refraining from all wrong-doing,
Undertaking the good,
Purifying the mind,
This is the teaching of the buddhas.

Dhammapada v. 183/14.5
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Re: Titles of the Buddha (in Pali & English)

Post by Kare »

sukhamanveti wrote:Hello.

As one of my research projects, I have been compiling a list of the titles given to the Buddha in Pali literature. So far I have 26. I know that there are many more. I think that each one is an answer to the question, "Who is the Buddha?" Several are said to be pre-Buddhist terms for enlightened or liberated ones. Interestingly, four titles applied to the Buddha at AN 4.23 are also applied by Maha Brahma to himself at DN 11.81 (abhibhu, anabhibhuta, annadatthudaso, vasavatti). I don't know what this means. If anyone has any more titles that they can add to the list or any corrections to the translations, I would appreciate the information. This is what I have now:


Titles of the Buddha

Abhibhu “Vanquisher”

Abhisambuddha “Fully-Enlightened One” (=Sammasambuddha)

Anabhibhuto “Unvanquished”

Angirasa “Radiant One” or “One of the Angirasa Tribe”

Annadatthudasa “All-Seeing One” (=Samantacakkhu)

Anuttara Purisadammasarathi “An Unsurpassed Leader of Persons to be Tamed”

Arahat “Worthy One” or “Accomplished One” (i.e., one who has attained liberation)

Bhagava “Exalted One” or “Sublime One” (i.e., one who is rich in positive qualities), often rendered “Blessed One” or “Lord”

Bhisakka “Physician”

Buddha “Enlightened One,” “Awakened One,” or “One Who Knows”

Cakkhuma “Seeing,” “One Who Sees,” or “The One with Vision”

Dasabala “Ten-Powered One” (the Buddha’s ten powers of knowledge are listed in MN 12)

Jina “Conqueror” or “Victor” (=Buddha)

Lokavidu “Knower of the World”

Sabbabhibhu “One Who Overcomes All” or “One Who Transcends All”

Sabbabhibhu Dhiro “All-Vanquishing Sage,” “All-Transcending Sage”

Sakyamuni “Sage of the Sakya Clan”

Sammasambuddha “Fully-Enlightened One” (=Abhisambuddha)

Samantacakkhu “All-Seeing One” (=Annadatthudasa)

Sattha Devamanussanam “Teacher of Devas and Humans”

Siha “Lion”

Sugata “Well Gone” or “Gone to Bliss” (i.e., one who has reached a happy state of existence)

Tathagatha “Thus Gone One” or “Thus Come One”

Ukkadharo Manussanam “Torchbearer of Mankind”

Vasavatti “Wielder of Mastery,” “Master,” “One Wielding Power”

Vijjacaranasampanna “Endowed with Knowledge and Good Conduct”
The earliest Pali dictionary, Abhidhanappadipika, is not arranged alphabetically, but collects groups of words with similar meaning. Luckily an edition from Varanasi 1981 also adds an alphabetical register, so that it is easier to look up words.

The first group of words in the book are terms for the Buddha.

In addition to the ones on you list, Abhidhannappadika lists:

Sabbaññu - "All-knowing"
Dipaduttama - "The best on two feet"
Muninda - "Lord of Sages"
Natha - "The Helper"
Muni - "Sage"
Lokanatha - "Helper of the World"
Anadhivara - "Unsurpassed"
Mahesi - "Great Seer"
Vinayaka - "Trainer, Leader"
Bhuripañña - "With Great Wisdom"
Maraji - "Conqueror of Mara"
Narasiha - "Lion Man"
Dhammaraja - "King of the Dhamma"
Mahamuni - "Great Sage"
Devadeva - "God of Gods"
Lokagaru - "Teacher of the World"
Dhammassami - "Lord of the Dhamma"
Sayambhu - "Self-Dependent"
Varapañña - "Of Excellent Wisdom"
Nayaka - "Guide"
Siddhattha - his given name
Gotama - his family name
Sakyasiha - "Lion of the Sakyas"
Adiccabandhu - "Related to the Sun"
Sattha - "Teacher"
Mettāya,
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Re: Titles of the Buddha (in Pali & English)

Post by green »

I don't know if some of these are titles or characteristics or Both:



(MN 18 Madhupindika Sutta The Ball of Honey )

Knowing, the Blessed One knows;
seeing, He sees.
He is the Eye element,
He is become Knowledge ,
He is become Dhamma ,
He is become Brahma .
He is the speaker, the proclaimer, the elucidator of meaning,
the giver of the Deathless,
the Lord of the Dhamma,
the Tathagata.

bhagavA jAnam jAnAti,
passam passati,
cakkhubhUto
gyAnabhUto
dhammabhUto
brahmabhUto,
vattA pavattA,
atthassa ninnetA,
amatassa dAtA,
dhammassAmA (Dharma Swami)
tathAgato.

Aganna Sutta

Brahma Kaya (the Body of Brahma)
Dhamma Kaya (the Body of Dhamma)

Anuradha Sutta To Anuradha

the supreme man,
the superlative man,
attainer of the superlative attainment

uttamapuriso
paramapuriso
paramapattippatto


MAJJHIMA NIKâYA II
5. 2. Selasuttaü
(92) To the Brahmin Sela

King of Kings (Rajabhiraja)
King of Righteousness (Dhamma raja)

And of course from the Buddha anusati:
1)Araham : worthy of worship
2) Sammasambuddho - complete knower
3)Vijja carana sampanno - walking evenly?
4) Sugato -- happy one (gone to happiness)
5)lok Vidu - knower of the world
6)anuttaro - Supreme
7) purisa damma sarathi -- charioteer of men
8) satta deva manusanam -- teacher of gods and men
9) Buddho - the one who knows
10) Bhagava - Blessed Lord.
Last edited by green on Wed Mar 11, 2009 2:27 am, edited 1 time in total.
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Re: Titles of the Buddha (in Pali & English)

Post by sukhamanveti »

Kare & Green, Thank you much for the information!

Ed
Sīlaṃ balaṃ appaṭimaṃ.
Sīlaṃ āvudhamuttamaṃ.
Sīlamābharaṇaṃ seṭṭhaṃ.
Sīlaṃ kavacamabbhutaṃ.


Virtue is a matchless power.
Virtue is the greatest weapon.
Virtue is the best adornment.
Virtue is a wonderful armor.

Theragatha 614


Sabbapāpassa akaraṇaṃ,
kusalassa upasampadā,
Sacittapariyodapanaṃ,
etaṃ buddhāna sāsanaṃ.


Refraining from all wrong-doing,
Undertaking the good,
Purifying the mind,
This is the teaching of the buddhas.

Dhammapada v. 183/14.5
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Re: Titles of the Buddha (in Pali & English)

Post by Dhammanando »

Hi Sukhamanveti,
sukhamanveti wrote:If anyone has any more titles that they can add to the list or any corrections to the translations, I would appreciate the information.
If you download the Buddhaguṇagāthāvalī you will find hundreds of them, arranged thematically as in a thesaurus. For example, if you look up "tathāgata" you will get:
  • yathāvādī tathākārī, tathavādī tathāgato.
    yathākārī tathāvādī,
    buddhaṃ taṃ paṇamāmyahaṃ.

    and:

    maggagavesī maggagū, maggakkhāto tathāgato.
    amatamaggaṃ dassāvī,
    buddhaṃ taṃ paṇamāmyahaṃ.
http://nt.med.ncku.edu.tw/biochem/lsn/n ... agatha.doc

Best wishes,
Dhammanando Bhikkhu
Rūpehi bhikkhave arūpā santatarā.
Arūpehi nirodho santataro ti.


“Bhikkhus, the formless is more peaceful than the form realms.
Cessation is more peaceful than the formless realms.”
(Santatarasutta, Iti 73)
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Re: Titles of the Buddha (in Pali & English)

Post by sukhamanveti »

Dhammanando wrote:Hi Sukhamanveti,
sukhamanveti wrote:If anyone has any more titles that they can add to the list or any corrections to the translations, I would appreciate the information.
If you download the Buddhaguṇagāthāvalī you will find hundreds of them, arranged thematically as in a thesaurus. For example, if you look up "tathāgata" you will get:
  • yathāvādī tathākārī, tathavādī tathāgato.
    yathākārī tathāvādī,
    buddhaṃ taṃ paṇamāmyahaṃ.

    and:

    maggagavesī maggagū, maggakkhāto tathāgato.
    amatamaggaṃ dassāvī,
    buddhaṃ taṃ paṇamāmyahaṃ.
http://nt.med.ncku.edu.tw/biochem/lsn/n ... agatha.doc

Best wishes,
Dhammanando Bhikkhu
Thank you, Bhante! That is an amazing resource.

Ed
Sīlaṃ balaṃ appaṭimaṃ.
Sīlaṃ āvudhamuttamaṃ.
Sīlamābharaṇaṃ seṭṭhaṃ.
Sīlaṃ kavacamabbhutaṃ.


Virtue is a matchless power.
Virtue is the greatest weapon.
Virtue is the best adornment.
Virtue is a wonderful armor.

Theragatha 614


Sabbapāpassa akaraṇaṃ,
kusalassa upasampadā,
Sacittapariyodapanaṃ,
etaṃ buddhāna sāsanaṃ.


Refraining from all wrong-doing,
Undertaking the good,
Purifying the mind,
This is the teaching of the buddhas.

Dhammapada v. 183/14.5
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Re: Titles of the Buddha (in Pali & English)

Post by green »

I hope we can get the suttas that some of those titles are found in... :smile:
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Re: Titles of the Buddha (in Pali & English)

Post by DNS »

The suttas and also in English would have been great.

I need to study my Pali faster. :reading:
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Re: Titles of the Buddha (in Pali & English)

Post by Sabbe_Dhamma_Anatta »

# 1

Akakkara*
အကက္ကရ
(အ+ကက္ကရ)
  • Lord Buddha: the one who is not rough/arrogant**





____________________
____________________
  • # 1 = First one from a list of 195 entries within the chapter of "Titles of the Lord Buddha" from the Burmese book "Lord Buddha of Infinite Qualities: Expository Text on Buddha's Qualities". The author said something like "it is a short list for the commonly found ones, preparing/collecting in a limited time". The author said the list is alphabetical (burmese-pali-alphabets, imo).
  • [edited(added)]: Burmese name of the book is "ဂုဏ်တော်အနန္တမြတ်ဗုဒ္ဓ (ခေါ်) ဂုဏ်တော်အဖွင့်ကျမ်း" and the author is "မောင်အံ့ (မဟာဝိဇ္ဇာ - ဘုံဘေ)
  • possible related entries from dictionary.sutta.org
    Pali Word Grammar from Pali Myanmar Dictionary
    kakkara: kakkara(ti)
    ကက္ကရ(တိ)
    [kakka+ara,(kaṅkara-saṃ)]
    [ကက္က+အရ၊ (ကင်္ကရ-သံ)]
    Tipiṭaka Pāḷi-Myanmar Dictionary တိပိဋက-ပါဠိမြန်မာ အဘိဓာန်
    kakkara:ကက္ကရ (တိ)
    [ကက္က+အရ၊ (ကင်္ကရ-သံ)]
    ကြမ်းတမ်းသော။ ကက္ကရတာ-ကြည့်။
    U Hau Sein’s Pāḷi-Myanmar Dictionary ပါဠိမြန်မာ အဘိဓာန်(ဦးဟုတ်စိန်)
    kakkara:ကက္ကရ (တိ)
    ကြမ်းတမ်းသော။
  • ကြမ်းတမ်းသော in Myanmar means 'rough' with some flavor of 'hard', 'not-polite' etc
Last edited by Sabbe_Dhamma_Anatta on Tue Mar 23, 2021 7:03 am, edited 1 time in total.
𝓑𝓾𝓭𝓭𝓱𝓪 𝓗𝓪𝓭 𝓤𝓷𝓮𝓺𝓾𝓲𝓿𝓸𝓬𝓪𝓵𝓵𝔂 𝓓𝓮𝓬𝓵𝓪𝓻𝓮𝓭 𝓣𝓱𝓪𝓽
  • Iᴅᴇᴀ ᴏꜰ Sᴏᴜʟ ɪs Oᴜᴛᴄᴏᴍᴇ ᴏꜰ ᴀɴ Uᴛᴛᴇʀʟʏ Fᴏᴏʟɪsʜ Vɪᴇᴡ
    V. Nanananda

𝓐𝓷𝓪𝓽𝓽ā 𝓜𝓮𝓪𝓷𝓼 𝓣𝓱𝓪𝓽 𝓣𝓱𝓮𝓻𝓮 𝓘𝓼
  • Nᴏ sᴜᴄʜ ᴛʜɪɴɢ ᴀs ᴀ Sᴇʟғ, Sᴏᴜʟ, Eɢᴏ, Sᴘɪʀɪᴛ, ᴏʀ Āᴛᴍᴀɴ
    V. Buddhādasa
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Re: Titles of the Buddha (in Pali & English)

Post by Sabbe_Dhamma_Anatta »

# 2

Akakkasa*
အကက္ကသ
(အ+ကက္ကသ)
  • Lord Buddha: the one who is not rough/harsh/abusive in speech**





____________________
____________________
  • For explanations on #,*,** please see post with # 1
  • some possible related entries from dictionary.sutta.org
    Pali Word Grammar from Pali Myanmar Dictionary
    kakkasa: kakkasa(na)
    ကက္ကသ(န)
    [kara+asa.kaḷa+asa.nīti,dhā.2vava.,7.218.sūci.]
    [ကရ+အသ။ ကဠ+အသ။ နီတိ၊ ဓာ။ ၂ဝဝ။ မောဂ်၊ ၇။ ၂၁၈။ သူစိ။]
    Tipiṭaka Pāḷi-Myanmar Dictionary တိပိဋက-ပါဠိမြန်မာ အဘိဓာန်
    kakkasa:ကက္ကသ (န)
    [ကရ+အသ။ ကဠ+အသ။ နီတိ၊ ဓာ။ ၂ဝဝ။ မောဂ်၊ ၇။ ၂၁၈။ သူစိ။]
    (၁) ကြမ်းတမ်းခြင်း၊ ကြမ်းတမ်းသောစကားကို ပြောဆိုခြင်း။ (၂) အပြစ် အနာအဆာ၊ ချွတ်ယွင်းချက်။ (၃) ကြမ်းတမ်း-မနူးညံ့-မချောမော- မပြေပြစ်-သော။ (၄) ခက်မာ-မာကျော-သော။ (၅) အနိုင်အထက်ပြုသော၊ နိုင်ထက်ကလူပြုသော။ (၆) မနှစ်သက်အပ်သော၊ မုန်းဖွယ် ကောင်းသော၊ မမြတ်နိုးအပ်သော။
    U Hau Sein’s Pāḷi-Myanmar Dictionary ပါဠိမြန်မာ အဘိဓာန်(ဦးဟုတ်စိန်)
    kakkasa:ကက္ကသ (တိ)
    ကြမ်းတမ်းသည်။ ခက်မာသည်။ အဆောတလျင်ပြုသည်။
    Concise Pali-English Dictionary by A.P. Buddhadatta Mahathera
    kakkasa:[adj.] rough; harsh.
    PTS Pali-English dictionary The Pali Text Society's Pali-English dictionary
    Kakkasa,(adj.) [Sk.karkaśa to root kṛ as in kakkaṭaka] rough,hard,harsh,esp.of speech (vācā para-kaṭukā Dhs.1343),M.I,286=Dhs.1343; A.V,265=283,293; DhsA.396.-- akakkasa:smooth Sn.632; J.III,282; V,203,206,405,406 (cp.J.P.T.S.1891--93,13); akakkasaṅga,with smooth limbs,handsome,J.V,204.(Page 174)
𝓑𝓾𝓭𝓭𝓱𝓪 𝓗𝓪𝓭 𝓤𝓷𝓮𝓺𝓾𝓲𝓿𝓸𝓬𝓪𝓵𝓵𝔂 𝓓𝓮𝓬𝓵𝓪𝓻𝓮𝓭 𝓣𝓱𝓪𝓽
  • Iᴅᴇᴀ ᴏꜰ Sᴏᴜʟ ɪs Oᴜᴛᴄᴏᴍᴇ ᴏꜰ ᴀɴ Uᴛᴛᴇʀʟʏ Fᴏᴏʟɪsʜ Vɪᴇᴡ
    V. Nanananda

𝓐𝓷𝓪𝓽𝓽ā 𝓜𝓮𝓪𝓷𝓼 𝓣𝓱𝓪𝓽 𝓣𝓱𝓮𝓻𝓮 𝓘𝓼
  • Nᴏ sᴜᴄʜ ᴛʜɪɴɢ ᴀs ᴀ Sᴇʟғ, Sᴏᴜʟ, Eɢᴏ, Sᴘɪʀɪᴛ, ᴏʀ Āᴛᴍᴀɴ
    V. Buddhādasa
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Re: Titles of the Buddha (in Pali & English)

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Re: Titles of the Buddha (in Pali & English)

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# 3

Akaṅkhā*
အကင်္ခ
(အ+ကင်္ခ)


  • Lord Buddha: the blessed one who has no doubt about Nibbana (Magga/Phala).**




On Buddhānussati, based upon the word, the following dictionary explanations may also be useful.
e.g:
  • one who has overcome all doubt,one who possesses right knowledge

____________________
____________________
  • For explanations on #,*,** please see post with # 1
  • some possible related entries from dictionary.sutta.org

    Akaṅkha

    Pali Word Grammar from Pali Myanmar Dictionary
    akaṅkha:akaṅkha(ti)
    အကင်္ခ(တိ)
    [na+kaṅkhā]
    [န+ကင်္ခါ]
    Tipiṭaka Pāḷi-Myanmar Dictionary တိပိဋက-ပါဠိမြန်မာ အဘိဓာန်
    akaṅkha:အကင်္ခ(တိ)
    [န+ကင်္ခါ]
    (၁) ယုံမှားခြင်းမရှိသော၊ ယုံမှားခြင်းကို-ပယ်အပ်-ဖြတ်အပ်-အေးစေအပ်-ငြိမ်းစေအပ်-ဖြစ်ပေါ်ခွင့်မရှိစေအပ်-မဂ်ဉာဏ်ဖြင့် လောင်ကြွမ်းစေအပ်-ပြီးသော၊ သူ၊ သည်။ (၂) တဏှာ-တပ်မက်ခြင်း-မရှိသော-သူ၊ သည်။




    Kaṅkhā

    Buddhist Dictionary by NYANATILOKA MAHATHERA
    kaṅkhā:'doubt',may be either an intellectual,critical doubt or an ethically and psychologically detrimental doubt.The latter may either be a persistent negative skepticism or wavering indecision.Only the detrimental doubt (identical with vicikicchā ,q.v.) is to be rejected as kammically unwholesome,as it paralyses thinking and hinders the inner development of man.Reasoned,critical doubt in dubious matters is thereby not discouraged.

    The 16 doubts enumerated in the Suttas (e.g.M.2) are the following:Have I been in the past? Or,have I not been in the past? What have I been in the past? How have I been in the past? From what state into what state did I change in the past? - Shall I be in the future? Or,shall I not be in the future? What shall I be in the future? How shall I be in the future? From what state into what state shall I change in the future? - Am I? Or,am I not? What am I? How am I? Whence has this being come? Whither will it go?"
    Concise Pali-English Dictionary by A.P. Buddhadatta Mahathera
    kaṅkhā:[f.] doubt; uncertainty.
    PTS Pali-English dictionary The Pali Text Society's Pali-English dictionary
    Kaṅkhā,(f.) [cp.Sk.kāṅkṣā] 1.doubt,uncertainty S.I,181; III,203 (dukkhe k.etc.; cp.Nd2 1); Sn.541,1149; °ṁ vinayati Sn.58,559,1025; k.pahīyati Ps.II,62; combd with vimati:D.I,105; III,116; S.IV,327; V,161; A.II,79,160,185; DA.I,274; with vicikicchā:S.IV,350; Dhs.425.Defined as = kaṅkhāyanā & kaṅkhāyitatta Nd21; Dhs.425 (under vicikicchā).3 doubts enumd at D.III,217; 4 in passages with vimati (see above); 7 at Dhs.1004; 8 at Nd2 1 & Dhs.1118; 16 at M.I,8 & Vism.518.-- 2.as adj.doubting,doubtful,in akaṅkha one who has overcome all doubt,one who possesses right knowledge (vijjā),in combns akaṅkha apiha anupaya S.I,181; akhila a.Sn.477,1059; Nd2I; cp.vitiṇṇa° Sn.514; avitiṇṇa° Sn.249,318,320 (=ajānaṁ); nikkaṅkha S.II,84 (+nibbicikiccha).-- 3.expectation SA 183.-- On connotation of k.in general see Dhs.trsl.p.115 n1.

    --cchida removing or destroying doubt Sn.87.--cchedana the removal of d.J.I,98; IV,69.--ṭṭhāniya founded on d.,doubtful (dhammā) D.III,285; A.IV,152,154; V,16; AA 689.--dhamma a doubting state of mind,doubt D.II,149; S.IV,350.--vitaraṇa overcoming of doubt Miln.233; DhsA.352,°visuddhi complete purification in consequence of the removal of all doubt D.III,288; M.I,147; Ud.60; Vism.523; Bdhd 116 sq.--samaṅgin affected with doubts,having doubts DhsA.259.(Page 174)
𝓑𝓾𝓭𝓭𝓱𝓪 𝓗𝓪𝓭 𝓤𝓷𝓮𝓺𝓾𝓲𝓿𝓸𝓬𝓪𝓵𝓵𝔂 𝓓𝓮𝓬𝓵𝓪𝓻𝓮𝓭 𝓣𝓱𝓪𝓽
  • Iᴅᴇᴀ ᴏꜰ Sᴏᴜʟ ɪs Oᴜᴛᴄᴏᴍᴇ ᴏꜰ ᴀɴ Uᴛᴛᴇʀʟʏ Fᴏᴏʟɪsʜ Vɪᴇᴡ
    V. Nanananda

𝓐𝓷𝓪𝓽𝓽ā 𝓜𝓮𝓪𝓷𝓼 𝓣𝓱𝓪𝓽 𝓣𝓱𝓮𝓻𝓮 𝓘𝓼
  • Nᴏ sᴜᴄʜ ᴛʜɪɴɢ ᴀs ᴀ Sᴇʟғ, Sᴏᴜʟ, Eɢᴏ, Sᴘɪʀɪᴛ, ᴏʀ Āᴛᴍᴀɴ
    V. Buddhādasa
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