There are, Ānanda, these six elements: the pleasure element, the pain element, the joy element, the grief element, the equanimity element, and the ignorance element. When he knows and sees these six elements, a bhikkhu can be called skilled in the elements.”
regarding this perhaps i am wrong but i think;
the pleasure element, the pain element, the joy element, the grief element all depend on ignorance(avijjādhātu), having arrived at equanimity(upekkhādhātu) about formations there is neither pleasure nor pain so there is no ignorance(avijjādhātu) about formations.
“What, bhikkhus, is the Nibbāna-element with residue left? Here a bhikkhu is an arahant, one whose taints are destroyed, the holy life fulfilled, who has done what had to be done, laid down the burden, attained the goal, destroyed the fetters of being, completely released through final knowledge. However, his five sense faculties remain unimpaired, by which he still experiences what is agreeable and disagreeable and feels pleasure and pain. It is the extinction of attachment, hate, and delusion in him that is called the Nibbāna-element with residue left.
so i assume that arahant is free from Delusion (mohakkhayo) but not free from Ignorance(avijjādhātu) by which he experiences the pain element and the pleasure element.
Therefore the absence of ignorance (avijjādhātu) and the presence of equanimity(upekkhādhātu) is what constitutes the 4th Jhana;
Here, friend Visākha, a monastic, having given up pleasure, given up pain, and with the previous disappearence of mental well-being and sorrow, without pain, without pleasure, and with complete purity of mindfulness owing to equanimity, dwells having attained the fourth absorption. On that basis ignorance is abandoned, and herein there is no more underlying tendency to ignorance.”
So in regards to this;
Kumara wrote: ↑Thu May 24, 2018 9:54 am It seems one engaging in the fourth jhana is like an arahant, but not in lesser jhanas. Thanks!
An Arahant is not always in the 4th Jhana as i interperet it but i may be wrong. An Arahant is consumate in virtue, in concentration and discernment therefore no delusion as i understand it.