SN 41.6 & MN 44 contain the following passage:
Paṭibaddha is explained as follows in the dictionaries:Breathing is physical. It’s tied up with the body, that’s why breathing is a physical process.
Assāsapassāsā kho, gahapati, kāyikā. Ete dhammā kāyappaṭibaddhā, tasmā assāsapassāsā kāyasaṅkhāro.
First you place the mind and keep it connected, then you break into speech. That’s why placing the mind and keeping it connected are verbal processes.
Pubbe kho, gahapati, vitakketvā vicāretvā pacchā vācaṃ bhindati, tasmā vitakkavicārā vacīsaṅkhāro.
Perception and feeling are mental. They’re tied up with the mind, that’s why perception and feeling are mental processes.
Saññā ca vedanā ca cetasikā. Ete dhammā cittappaṭibaddhā, tasmā saññā ca vedanā ca cittasaṅkhāro”ti.
https://suttacentral.net/sn41.6/en/sujato
I find the following issues with the above translation of SN 41.6 & MN 44, which is similar to other translations, namely:Concise Pali English Dictionary
paṭibaddha
pp. of paṭibandhati
bound to; depent on; attracted on or by.
PTS Pali English Dictionary
paṭibaddha
adjective
bound to, in fetters or bonds, attracted to or by, dependent on DN.i.76; Vin.iv.302 (kāya˚); AN.v.87 (para˚); Dhp.284; Mil.102 (āvajjana˚); Pv-a.134 (˚jīvika dependent on him for a living)
Freq. in cpd. -citta affected enamoured, one’s heart bound in love Vin.iii.128 Vin.iv.18; Snp.37 (see Cnd.385), Snp.65; Pv-a.46, Pv-a.145 (˚tā f abstr.), Pv-a.151, Pv-a.159 (rañño with the king).
paṭi + baddha, pp. of bandh
(a) The sutta explanation of the vaci sankhara appears unambiguous; in that 'thinking' ('vaci sankhara') is the cause of speech; and speech (vaci) is an effect. Therefore, the term 'vaci sankhara' appears to refer a cause rather than to an effect.
(b) It seems obvious by numerous core standard suttas (such as MN 148, MN 38, etc) that perception & feeling are preceding causes for the citta (mind) to generate greed, hatred & delusion. Therefore, at least based on the core teachings, 'perception & feeling' (the 'citta sankhara') are causes and the state of the citta is an effect.
The above said, my Pali question is as follows:
Q: Taking the word 'paṭibaddha' to mean 'dependent on', are there any grammar rules in the Pali which prevent the following alternate translation, which expresses each 'sankhara' as a causal agent:
Thank youBreathing is bodily. The body depends upon it. That is why breathing is the kaya sankharo.
Breathing is bodily. This thing (this dhamma; the breathing), the body depends upon. That is why breathing is the kaya sankharo.
Assāsapassāsā kho, gahapati, kāyikā. Ete dhammā kāyappaṭibaddhā, tasmā assāsapassāsā kāyasaṅkhāro.
First you place the mind and keep it connected, then you break into speech. That’s why placing the mind and keeping it connected are the verbal sankharo.
Pubbe kho, gahapati, vitakketvā vicāretvā pacchā vācaṃ bhindati, tasmā vitakkavicārā vacīsaṅkhāro.
Perception and feeling are mental. The [emotionally quality of the] mind-heart depend on them. That is why perception and feeling are the mind-heart sankhara.
Saññā ca vedanā ca cetasikā. Ete dhammā cittappaṭibaddhā, tasmā saññā ca vedanā ca cittasaṅkhāro”ti.